• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    In an electric vehicle (1) with range enlargement device (4), the electric vehicle (1) is equipped with at least one electric drive motor (2) and an electrical energy store (3). The range enlargement device (4) is designed to generate electrical energy from a fuel. A control device (11a, 11b) is provided. The electric vehicle (1) and the range enlargement device (4) each have mutually complementary coupling devices (5a, 5b) for temporarily fixing the range enlargement device (4) to the electric vehicle (1), allowing their current transmission and control coupling. The control device (11a, 11b) is arranged to control at least two different operating modes, namely an electric driving mode (16) and a hybrid driving mode (17). It automatically recognizes the connected state of the range enlargement device (4).
    公开号:AT510806A1
    申请号:T1933/2010
    申请日:2010-11-22
    公开日:2012-06-15
    发明作者:Thomas Dipl Ing Pels
    申请人:Avl List Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    from < MOM > NOV £ 2 2010 14199 / ST. Μ: 67 / Νο. 7612042428 P > 4 t · ψ i »» if · · · · · · · · «* · * • | · 9 * · · * * * * »» < 1
    ELECTRIC VEHICLE AND RENEWAL ENGINEERING DEVICE
    The present invention relates to a combination of an electric vehicle and a range enlargement device as well as to an electric vehicle 5 suitable for this purpose and a control device suitable for this purpose. The range enlargement device is also referred to below as a "range extender".
    Electric vehicles are usually equipped with an electric drive motor and a battery, with which the drive motor is supplied with electrical energy. 10, the range of the electric vehicle is limited by the capacity of the battery.
    By contrast, hybrid vehicles have no such range limitation, since they drive with their internal combustion engine - depending on the design - the vehicle alternatively to the electric drive motor directly (so-called "parallel hybrid drive") or by means of an intermediate electric generator feed the electric drive motor and / or the battery-15 can recharge (so-called "serial hybrid drive"). There are also mixed forms of parallel and serial hybrid drives. For the internal combustion engine, fuel of relatively large amount of energy can be carried at a relatively low weight and volume; In addition, refueling is possible quickly and without any special electrical connections.
    But there are also proposals to have an electric vehicle on a case by case basis - e.g. if a longer 20-way journey is to be managed - equipped with a so-called. Range Extender, which makes the electric vehicle to a certain extent temporarily to a hybrid vehicle. For example, US Pat. No. 7,224,131 B2 describes a vehicle powered by an electric motor with batteries that can be supplemented by a range extender. The range extender has an internal combustion engine and an electric generator 25 driven by it, thus making the electric vehicle, so to speak, a vehicle with (serial)
    Hybrid drive. In this case, the range extender is equipped with a control device for a relation to the electric vehicle autonomous operation, which detects the battery voltage of the electric vehicle and depending on the range extender automatically on or off.
    Another proposal to equip an electric or hybrid vehicle with a Range Exten-30 of the, is called in US 7,475,747 B2. According to this, the range extender is manually started by the driver before the start of the journey to provide additional electric power when needed or in the event of a failure of the on-board power source 22/11 2010 MO 15:01 [SE / EMN 7183] 0004
    glad <MUN> NOV 22 2010 14: 58 / ST. 14: 57 / No. 7812042425 P
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    To secure energy supply of the vehicle.
    The present invention provides another solution to the control coupling of a range extender on the electric vehicle.
    The invention is directed to the overall system with electric vehicle and range magnification device. The electric vehicle is equipped with at least one electric drive motor, an electric energy storage device capable of storing and supplying electric power for driving the electric vehicle, and a control device configured to supply electric power to the drive motor from the energy storage device in accordance with an electric drive operating mode , The range enlargement device is designed to generate electrical energy from a fuel. The electric vehicle and the range enlarger each have mutually complementary coupling devices for temporarily attaching the range enlargement device to the electric vehicle permitting the power transmission and control coupling thereof, wherein the electric vehicle and the range magnification cooperate in the coupled range enlargement state so as to be generated by the range magnification device electrical energy is provided via the coupling devices to the electric vehicle for the purpose of driving and / or charging the energy storage and thus the range of the electric vehicle is increased. The control device is configured for an electric driving mode and a hybrid driving mode. It is also set up to automatically detect the coupled state of the range magnification device.
    It is therefore no longer necessary for a fitter or user to convert the control of the electric vehicle to hybrid vehicle operation after the range extender has been fitted; this can be due to the automatic detection of the coupling of the range extender rather 25 automatically (possibly after a mere confirmation of the fitter or user).
    Before describing in more detail the automatic detection of the range extender coupling and the associated control functions, a few comments on the design of other aspects and features of the range extender will follow.
    The range extender can be used to overcome the battery-related range limitation of the 30 electric vehicle. In embodiments where the range extender is equipped with an internal combustion engine and a generator driven by it. 22/11 2010 MO 15:01 [SE / EM NO 7183] @ 005 FROH (MON) NOV 22 2010 14t, 14: B7 / Ho.7 # 12045425 p 6 * will be the electric drive of the electric vehicle to the serial hybrid drive with the energy storage. «« * «·· I ·« * * · • t <* «« · # * ·· «* * ·» * fl · | ···· ······ 4t * «··« ·· ## ·· * # * * * * 3
    Buffer memory.
    The electric drive motor (s) of the electric vehicle are, for example, synchronous or asynchronous machines, preferably of a grinderless type. To supply them, the electric vehicle is equipped, for example, with a change-over straightener, which may be e.g. by means of sinusoidal pulse width modulation, converts the direct current supplied by the electrical energy store into multiphase (for example, three-phase) alternating current with the frequency and amplitude required depending on the driving situation. Since the electric drive motors for the purpose of braking energy recovery in the energy storage i.a. are also able to work as a generator, and in addition the electric vehicle should also be able to drive 10 backwards, the inverter is designed for three- or four-quadrant operation.
    With regard to the manner of power generation from fuel, various variants are possible. In some embodiments, the fuel is thermally converted into mechanical energy, e.g. with an internal combustion engine; by subsequent mechano-electric power conversion, e.g. with an electric generator driven by the internal combustion engine, this is converted into the required electrical energy.
    In such embodiments, where the range extender is equipped with an internal combustion engine and a generator driven by the latter, the electric drive of the electric vehicle is stored by coupling the range extender to the serial hybrid drive with Puf-20.
    The internal combustion engine is i.a. designed as a reciprocating engine, in alternative embodiments, however, as a rotary engine, e.g. as a Wankel engine. The electrical generator is in some embodiments to a synchronous or asynchronous machine, and also preferably a grinderless design. The generated by the generator 25 (2 B. multiphase or three-phase) AC power is converted by a converter into DC and fed to the electric vehicle. When using a synchronous generator, a voltage-controlled rectifier can be sufficient for this purpose. In the case of an asynchronous generator, however, the converter is designed as an actively controlled converter which supplies the voltage required for field generation with the frequency and amplitude required depending on the operating situation. In some of these embodiments, the range magnification generator also acts as a starter for the internal combustion engine coupled to the generator. For this purpose, the generator can also be operated by a motor. 22/11 2010 MO 15:01 [SB / EM NR 71831 @ 006 (MON) NOV 22 2010 14: 14! 57 / No, 7812042425 P 7 «* 4 M ** ·· * · * * • «* * * *" "" "" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ft * vftf * * * * * * * * ···· 4
    Case at least for two-quadrant operation set up.
    In another variant, the conversion of the energy contained in the fuel into electrical energy, however, takes place directly with a fuel cell. Also in these embodiments, the electrical energy generated can be supplied to the electric vehicle via a converter, such as a DC equal-Gleiehspannungs converter as DC or alternatively via an inverter as AC.
    Overall, in some embodiments, the motor-side converter (inverter) and the general-side converter (e.g., rectifier) form a distributed DC link converter. The two partial transducers are preferably distributed, one located in the electric vehicle, the other in the range enlargement device. The DC intermediate circuit then extends over the coupling devices for current-transmitting coupling of the electric vehicle and the expansion device. The electrical energy storage of the electric vehicle may be coupled to the DC link, e.g. it is either directly in the DC voltage intermediate circuit, or it is coupled to this via a DC-DC converter.
    Returning now to the automatic docking of the range extender, some embodiments rely on the fact that even mere mechanical coupling results in such recognition, e.g. using a switch, which is forcibly operated during the mechanical installation of the range extender. In other embodiments, however, the detection is based on signal exchange between the electric vehicle and the range extender. In some embodiments, mechanical and signal-based detection are coupled
    In some embodiments, upon detection of the user interface, the controller is configured to automatically generate a release request to change the electric drive mode to the hybrid drive mode, thereby alerting the user to the availability of the range extender but retaining control over its use. Upon release, the car automatically switches from electric to hybrid drive mode. In addition, in other embodiments, upon detection of the coupling, the electric driving mode is automatically changed to the hybrid driving mode.
    It is provided in some embodiments that the release or the automatic change of the driving mode can be canceled even with coupled range extender at a later date by the user to force the electric driving mode despite coupled Range Extender, 22/11 2010 MO 15: 01 [SE / EM NR 7183] @ 1007
    FftOM (MON> NÜV 2010 14: Bö / ετ 14: 57 / No * 7812042425 P β
    FftOM (MON> NÜV 2010 14: Bö / ετ 14: 57 / No * 7812042425 P β «4
    * * 4 * ι * * * * * * * 4 * * I * &lt;# · * T «« ** 5
    In electric driving mode, the electric vehicle is operated, for example, so that the electric vehicle is supplied on the one hand only from the energy storage with electrical power, and on the other hand is braked regeneratively, the recovered braking power is supplied to the energy storage. The hybrid driving mode, in which an automatic change takes place after the Range-5 extender detection (possibly after actuation by the operator), in contrast, has one or more modes that are available after the mode change - possibly depending on the driving situation. It is 2.B. one or more of the following modes of operation: the electric vehicle is powered solely by the electric power range extender, the electric vehicle is supplied with electrical power from the range extender and the energy storage, the power supplied by the range extender is used to feed the electric vehicle Divided drive motor and the charging of the energy storage, 15 of the range extender is constantly operated at a certain power, being loaded at egg ner contrast lower power consumption of the drive motor of the energy storage and / or a higher power consumption of the drive motor from the energy storage (3) is covered During a start-up phase of the range extender, the energy requirement of the electric vehicle is bridged out of the energy store until the range extender supplies the requested energy, and the range extender is started from the energy store when it is switched off while energy is being drawn.
    In some embodiments, the control device is a first control device 25, which is arranged in the electric vehicle, and a structurally separate second control device part, which is arranged in the range enlargement means implemented (for example in the form of two control units), the electric vehicle needs nothing of it to "know" in what technical way the range magnification device generates electricity. The electric vehicle and the range enlargement device are thus largely decoupled in terms of control.
    Preferably, in some of these embodiments, each of the first control device part and the second control device part is equipped with an interface dedicated to it
    from (MON> NOV Κί 2010 14: 5Θ / $ Τ. 14: 67 / Ho, 7612042429 R 6) are adapted to transmit a control signal from the first to the second control device part from the electric vehicle.
    Overall, although this involves a certain amount of effort, since two independent 5 control units are provided. On the other hand, this facilitates the free interchangeability of range enlargement devices of different types, since the distribution of the total control in two sub-units, one of which is responsible for the control of the electric vehicle and the other for the range extender at a machine level, the communication between electric vehicle and Range Extender can be located on a functionally-abstracted layer above the machine level, so that function-related communication can be conducted via the interface, without the need for the electric vehicle and the range extender "knowledge" about the machine-level control layer. Thereby it is e.g. it is possible to combine an electric vehicle of a certain type with range enlargement devices of different types, 15 without the control associated with the electric vehicle having to be specially adapted for all these different types and having to control their type-specific, machine-related control functions.
    The automatic detection of the coupled state of the range enlarger is in some embodiments provided with an electrical contact device, e.g. when coupling automatically mechanically actuated or released. In the case of the above-described, at least two-part design of the control device additionally or alternatively, the first control device part generate a request signal for identification of the range extender and so the coupled state by means of a response signal from the second, range-extender-side control device part can be determined. Also, the second control device part (e.g., the range extender control unit) can independently generate and transmit a signal to the electric vehicle as long as the range extender is coupled.
    In the context of automatic recognition, in some embodiments, the first control device part is set up to capture or query at least one information specifying the range enlargement device as a signal from the second control device part, ie the range extender. Such information may e.g. an electrical maxima power, a maximum electric power per fuel tank filling. 22/11 2010 HO 15:01 [SE / EM NO 7183] @ 009 FRON (MON) NOV 2010 16SOO / ST. Ί4ί B7 / NO. 7612042425 f &gt; 1 o 7
    Amount of energy, a type designation, a serial number, the information can also be a listing of the. the second control device part, i.e., serviceable request signals. Furthermore, 2.B. Determine by means of the type designation or the serial number by the control device whether a particular coupled range extender 5 is basically suitable for the respective electric vehicle.
    In some embodiments, the control coupling between range extender and electric vehicle not only serves to automatically detect that a range extender has been coupled, but also transmits control signals between the two control device parts during operation. For example, an analog 10 control signal, e.g. a DC link voltage or a signal on a state of charge of the energy storage, a speed or power consumption of the drive motor or an accelerator pedal position, are transmitted and depending on the range extender, in particular the electrical power generated by it, by the second control device part (eg self-sufficient by the second control unit ) to be controlled. Alternatively, the interface is adapted to transmit digital control signals.
    Accordingly, the coupling devices may be formed with a data bus interface for transmitting the digital control signals, in addition to or integrated with a power line for transmitting electric power between the electric vehicle and the range extender. The data bus can be used as a conventional fieldbus, e.g. as a CAN bus, realized to be 20.
    The control signals may represent functional specifications abstracted from the specific machine or inverter control, e.g. in the form of function calls, optionally with additional parameter transfer, or parameter queries.
    In some embodiments, the first controller part may generate a request signal (eg, an on or off signal or a signal for operating the range extender with a certain power or power level) as a control signal, which is transmitted to the second controller part, so that it locally controls the range extender according to the requirement, eg switches on or off or controls the generator-side converter and the internal combustion engine or the fuel cell according to the requested power. These functional request signals are e.g. Typübergrei-fend defined, thus allowing the control of different types of range extenders by the first control device part, without this type-specific control signals (eg, for 22/11 2010 MO 15:01 [SE / EM NR 7183] ®010 (MOH) NOV 22 2010 19iOO / ST.14: 07 / No.761204242 «P 11 •« t • · i · ♦ «•» • * * · · · 8
    On or off, full load operation or a certain partial load stage, predetermined power, voltage and / or current values of the range extender) would generate. The second controller part locally converts the functionally abstract request signals into its respective type-specific machine-related control signals. 5 In order to compensate for the inertia of the range extender (the same as in embodiments with a combus- tion motor for a startup process or for a speed change), in some embodiments, the range extender of the vehicle-mounted control device part, in particular by means of a request signal, timed , Without feedforward control, a simple control coupling of electric vehicle and range extender e.g. in that the control unit of the range extender, e.g. detects the storage battery voltage or the DC link voltage and counteracts deviations from a target voltage, which controls this independently of the control unit of the vehicle itself. This type of control has the character of a feedback control, so it reacts with a certain time delay to such Spannungsabwei-15 chiingen. With the temporal feedforward control can be e.g. Reduce voltage fluctuations or power drops by switching on the range extender or switching its operation to higher power output already before the power consumption of the first control device part, so that the power is already provided at the time of the actual demand. The first control device part can in some embodiments also be set up for it to detect or interrogate an operating state signal of the range enlargement device. By means of the operating state signal, the control device can respond to operating conditions that change during the operation of the range extender, for example the fill level of a fuel tank, maintenance requirements, malfunctions, a momentary operating power and / or a current operating temperature.
    In some embodiments, the range extender, particularly the internal combustion engine, is limited to an average power, e.g. Approximately 30%, 50% or 80% of the maximum Antriebsletstung designed so that it is on the one hand lighter weight and less expensive and on the other hand can be increasingly operated with high efficiency while avoiding a less efficient Niedriglastbe-30 drive. For example, the range extender may be designed according to an average power consumption of the electric vehicle during a typical drive cycle. Power peaks can thereby be covered by the energy store, which is then replaced by the energy store 22/11 2010 MO 15:01 [SE / EM NR 7183] @ 011 FROM &lt; MOH &gt; NOV 22 2010 15: 00 / $ T. 14: 57 / No. 7018042425 P 12
    9 is recharged by the range extender once the electric vehicle has little or no drive power, e.g. when braking or when going downhill, needed.
    The attached drawing now illustrates exemplary embodiments. In the 5 drawing show:
    Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an electric vehicle with coupled range extender.
    FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the electric vehicle with range extender of FIG. 1, and FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method for operating the electric vehicle and FIG
    Range extenders according to FIG. 1.
    The electric vehicle 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 with an electric drive motor 2 and an electrical energy store 3, e.g. in the form of an array of electrochemical 15 and / or electrostatic memory cells is coupled to a range extender 4. The range extender 4 is temporarily mounted on the electric vehicle I, and is removable in the absence of the need for this again. The current transmission and control coupling of the electric vehicle 1 with the range extender 4 is mediated by two mutually complementary coupling devices 5a, 5b on the electric vehicle 1 and the range extender 4 20, wherein the coupling devices 5a, 5b - apart from a mechanical coupling 5a ', 5b Form an interface for an electrical energy transmission line 6 and a data bus 7, for example a CAN bus, for signal transmission. During an electric vehicle operating mode 16, that is, when the range extender 4 is disconnected or deactivated by the user, the energy store 3 stores the energy required for the electrical operation of the electric vehicle 1. Without range extender 4, the range of electric vehicle 1 is limited by the capacity of energy storage 3 - apart from regenerative braking, which can increase the range. The energy storage device 3 is rechargeable after discharge (and in the absence of regenerative braking energy) only by connection to an external power source. In terms of performance, it is so dimensioned that it can supply the power required to drive the drive motor 2 and absorb the electrical braking power that occurs during braking operation. For this purpose, the battery 3 is directly or via a bidirectional DC-DC voltage converter 8 with a 22:11 2010 MO 15:01 [SE / EM NR 7183] 0012 FROM (MOH) NOV ¢ 2 2010 16: 00 / ST.14: 67 / No.7612042426 P 13
    10
    DC intermediate circuit 9 is coupled. Also, the drive motor 2 is coupled thereto, via an inverter 10, e.g. is designed for a 4-quadrant operation. When the motor is running, this converter converts the direct current drawn from the energy store 3 from the DC intermediate circuit 9, e.g. in three-phase alternating current with the drive for Be 5 drive of the drive motor 3 respectively required amplitude and frequency. During generator operation (for example, during recuperation during braking) it converts-conversely-the three-phase alternating current then supplied by the drive motor 2 into direct current, in particular for storage in the energy store 3.
    The system of electric vehicle 1 and range extender 4 has a control device 10, which is composed of two control device parts, namely a vehicle-mounted control device 1 la and a range-extender-side control unit 11 b together. The vehicle-side control unit 1 la controls the electric vehicle 1, ie essentially the drive motor 2, the inverter 10, the converter 8 and thus the energy storage 3, both with and without coupled Range Extender 4, It automatically detects when a Range Exten 4 is coupled and decoupled, respectively, and sets the electric driving mode (16) or the hybrid vehicle mode (17) (see Fig. 3) accordingly. if necessary after confirmation by the driver. When the range extender 4 is coupled, the vehicle-side control unit 1 outputs instructions to the control unit 1 1b of the range extender 4. This controls the range extender 4 in accordance with the specifications. 20 The range extender 4 is equipped with an internal combustion engine 12, which drives a elec- tric generator 13 for generating electrical energy. The range extender 4 has its own fuel tank 14 in the illustrated embodiment, so that it is self-sufficient with respect to the Kraftstoffmitführung compared to the electric vehicle 1 - the electric vehicle 1 thus requires no fuel equipment, and the coupling devices 5a, 5b need not 25 for the coupling of a Provide fuel line. In other embodiments, however, the fuel tank may be housed in the electric vehicle, and the coupling device then also includes a (releasably connected) fuel line.
    The engine 12 is a reciprocating engine (e.g., diesel or gasoline engine) that supplies from the fuel tank 14. Alternatively, it may be z, B. to act a Wankelmotor 30.
    The generator 13 is an asynchronous machine of a grinderless type, but can also be used in other embodiments with a synchronous machine and / or with grinders 22/11 2010 MO 15:01 ISE / EM NR 7183] ®013
    FftOM &lt; MON> HOV 22 2010 15: 00 / ST. 14: 57 / Ho. 7B12042436 P 1 ^ • »« t ·· · t # ·
    * Λ II «·· I · · 4 **** ll be. The (possibly multi-phase) alternating current generated by the generator 13 is converted into direct current by a converter 15 and fed into the DC voltage intermediate circuit 9 (the part of which forms the energy transmission line 6). In this way, the range extender 4 charges the energy storage 3 and / or powers the drive motor 2. In some embodiments, the inverter 15 is implemented as a passive (voltage controlled) rectifier. In the embodiment shown, in which the generator 13 is an asynchronous machine that requires alternating current to generate the excitation field, the converter 15 is set up to generate the alternating currents necessary for the field excitation. Since the generator 13 always rotates in the same direction, in some embodiments 10, a single-quadrant converter suffices for this purpose. In the illustrated embodiments, in which the generator 13 also serves as a starter of the internal combustion engine 12 and is also operable by a motor, the inverter 15 - which is then at least a two-quadrant inverter - is set up, also necessary for the motorized Berieb (eg multiphase) alternating currents. For this purpose, it extracts the intermediate circuit 9, and thus the DC energy storage 3 Gleich-15 ström and converts this example. with sinusoidal pulse width modulation in alternating current with the frequency and amplitude suitable for starting.
    In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the inverter IO of the electric vehicle 1 and the converter 15 of the range extender 4, together with the energy transmission line 6 connecting them, form a DC intermediate voltage converter. They form 20 the end points of the intermediate circuit 9, which extends over the interface formed by the coupling devices 5a, 5b, the energy storage 3 is, as described above, via the DC-DC converter 8 from the DC link 9 voltage decoupled, so can a lower or have higher voltage than this. A separate energy store (eg a capacitor) can then be directly in the DC voltage intermediate circuit 9 gene. In other embodiments, the energy storage 3 is located directly in the DC voltage intermediate circuit and thus has the same voltage as that, and acts as a memory in the DC 9th
    The control units 1 la, 1 lb exchange functional and monitoring data via the interface at 5a, 5b n on the data bus 7. For example, the on-board control unit 1 la instructs the controller 1 lb of the range extender 4 to perform certain functions (i.e., assume operating states). For example, it may instruct the controller 1 lb of the range extender 4 to start or stop the internal combustion engine 12 of Range Extender 16 (01 / ST 14: «7 / No. 7612042425 P 15 from <MON> NOV 22 2010 16 (01 / ST 14:« 7 / No. 7612042425 P 15
    • * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * * i 4 * 4 4 · · · · · · · 12 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 to provide electrical power or to select an operating point at which the internal combustion engine 12 achieves a certain minimum efficiency (whereby optionally generated excess electrical power is stored in the energy storage 3) or certain noise or exhaust emission values does not exceed 5, these function-related request signals Received by the control unit 1 lb of the range extender 4 and implemented in such close to the machine control signals that the range extender 4 (where possible) meets the requirements represented by the signals, Thus, the control unit 1 lb takes over the machine-level control of the components of the range extender. 4 and not about the vehicle-mounted control unit 11 a. The latter 10 therefore has to be informed about the concrete structural realization of the special range used.
    Extender type "do not know anything", but can use standardizable function calls
    Conversely, the on-board controller la also receives function-related information signals from the range extender controller 1 lb, these phages e.g. Information about the operating state and / or the operability of the range extender 4. These include so-called. Synchronous signals that are supplied by the range extender control unit 1 lb in response to a relevant request signal from the vehicle-side control unit 11 a, and so-called. Asynchronous signals that are delivered without request from the vehicle-side controller 11a of range extender control unit 1 lb to that. The former is e.g. messages about operating temperature, current fuel consumption, efficiency, or descriptions of type-related persistent properties, such as a type identifier, the serial number of the range extender 4, a listing of all (function related) request signals supported by the controller 1 lb, etc. The latter signals are eg for fault messages, warnings about critical operating situations (such as low reserves of yeasts)
    These (synchronous and / or asynchronous) information signals are not only used for communication between the two controllers 11a, 11b during operation in the hybrid driving mode, but also the automatic detection of the coupling of the range extender 4. With their help, the vehicle-mounted control units 11 a does not recognize Only that a Range Extender 4 was coupled, but can determine its type and / or its specific technical characteristics (eg maximum power, range, etc.), and thus a specific to the determined type or to the determined technical characteristics. 22/11 2010 MO 15:01 ISE / EM NR 7183] ®015 &lt; MÜN &gt; MOV 22 20 ϊ Ο 1 CS S Ο 1 / ST. 1Α: 67 / Νο. 7612Ü42425 Ρ 13 tuned hybrid drive mode and enable it automatically or after driver confirmation. Accordingly, in some embodiments, an information flow in the other direction, so that the range extender control unit 1 lb can be automatically adjusted to the type of electric vehicle when coupling the range extender 4 in terms of its control functions.
    A control-relatively relatively simple coupling of the range extender control unit 11b with the electric vehicle during operation is based on the fact that the instantaneous voltage in the intermediate circuit 9 is tapped via the interface 5a, 5b from the range extender control unit 1! A control in the range extender control unit 1 lb tries to keep the DC link voltage constant by - when it falls below a limit - causes the range extender to feed electrical power into the DC bus 9 or possibly, to increase already fed power. In other embodiments, the vehicle-mounted control unit 1 la generates corresponding request signals to the range extender 4 as a function of the intermediate circuit voltage and / or the state of charge of the energy store 3.
    Fig. 3 illustrates the automatic detection of the coupling of the range extender 4 and the thereby controlled selection of the operating mode. In one variant, the controller 1 lb of the range extender 4 sends a presence signal to the vehicle-mounted control unit 11a without being asked (i.e., asynchronously) as soon as the coupling is established via the coupling devices 5a, 5b. The latter "listens" continuously on the bus 7, whether such a presence signal comes, and thus detects the coupling of the range extender 4. In another variant, the vehicle-mounted control unit 1 la continuously sends at short intervals a request signal to a possibly existing control unit 1 lb Range Extenders 4 via the data bus 7. In this variant, the range extender control unit 1 lb "listens" for whether such a request signal comes, and returns when it receives in synchrony with a presence signal. In this case, the vehicle-mounted control unit 11a detects the coupling of the range extender 4. In yet another variant, a switching contact is automatically actuated during mechanical coupling of the coupling devices 5a, 5b, which is detected by the vehicle-side control device 1a and understood in the sense of a coupling of the range extender 4 becomes. The asynchronous or synchronous message is combined with mechanical detection in some embodiments.
    First, the vehicle-mounted control unit 1 checks la in the above sense at 18, is coupled to the range extender 4. If the result is negative, the vehicle 1 will continue to be in the electric field. 22/03 2010 HO 15:01 [SE / EM NR 7183] @] 016 FROH ΪΜΟΝ) MOV 22 SOΙΟ 15: 01 / ST.14! 57 / No, 7812042425 P 17
    FROH ΪΜΟΝ) MOV 22 SOΙΟ 15: 01 / ST.14! 57 / No, 7812042425 P 17 · »» · · · · · · · · · 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 transferred to this mode. This includes an operating mode in which the drive motor 2 is supplied with electrical power from the energy storage 3, and another mode (recuperation), in which generated by the regeneratively driven drive motor 2 energy is stored in the energy storage 3, for example, 5 when braking or downhill ,
    On the other hand, if the output is positive, the control unit 1 la checks at 19 whether the hybrid drive operating mode has been or has been released. For this purpose, it causes the first time run of 19 after detection of the coupling that the user of the electric vehicle 1, the coupling of the range extender4 signals and he is asked to release the hybrid driving mode 10. If the user releases (eg with the aid of a corresponding actuating element in the driver's cab), then the control device 1 la transfers the operating mode into the hybrid drive operating mode 17 or if necessary leaves it in the hybrid drive operating mode 17. A release already given during an earlier pass continues to act as long as at 18 the positive result remains; in that case, no repeated release by the driver is required (and then there is no repeated release request). If the driver rejects the release, conversion into or further operation in the electric vehicle operating mode 16 takes place. In other embodiments, the transition to the hybrid driving mode 17 takes place without a release being required for this (step 19 is therefore omitted).
    In Hybridfahrbetriebsmodus 17 are available in addition to the two in the electric driving mode 20 16 available modes, a number of other modes.
    For example, in one mode of operation, the electric vehicle 1, that is to say the drive motor 2 as well as further on-board network consumers, are supplied with electrical power solely by the range extender 4.
    In another mode (boost mode), the range extender 4 and energy buffer 25 are more likely to contribute 3 to the drive power
    In another mode of operation, the range extender 4 feeds the drive motor 2, and also charges the energy store 3.
    In yet another mode of operation, the range extender 4 is operated constantly at a certain power and / or speed, e.g. to optimize efficiency or reduce noise or exhaust emissions. The energy storage 3 then serves as a buffer for the i.a. varying power consumption of the electric vehicle 1, so can be charged or discharged depending on the current power requirements. 22/11 2010 MO 15:01 [SE / EM NR 7183] © 017 early <MÜN) NOV 22 2010 16 ί Ol / ^ τ. 1A! 67 / No. 7β12Q4242C Ρ 16
    15
    There is also a start mode in which the internal combustion engine 12 is started from the parked state with the aid of the generator 13 or a separate starter, with energy being drawn from the energy store 3 or a battery independent thereof.
    Finally, there is a mode in which during the start-up phase of the Range Exten 5 ders 4 of the power requirement of the electric vehicle l from the battery 3 bridges until the range extender 4 delivers the requested power. Thus, for example, in the case of a brief stop of the vehicle l, the range extender 4 can be stopped in the manner of a start / top automatic and restarted for further travel, whereby the vehicle can start already before or during the starting procedure, ie not starting commissioning of the Ran-10 ge Extenders 4 is delayed.
    22/11 2010 MO 15:01 ISE / EM NK 7153] @ 018
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    FROM &lt; MON &gt; HOV 22 2010 15: 01 / ST, 14: 57 / No. PATENT CLAIMS 1. Electric vehicle (1) and range enlargement device (4), wherein the electric vehicle (1) is equipped with at least one electric drive motor (2) and 5 an electrical energy store (3), the range enlargement device (4) is designed to generate electrical energy from a fuel, a control device (11a, 11b) is provided, and the electric vehicle (1) and the range enlargement device (4) to each other complementary coupling devices (5a, 5b) for temporary Fixing the ranges magnification device (4) on the electric vehicle (I), which allow their current transmission and control coupling, characterized in that the control device (11a, 11b) for controlling at least two different Be * 15 operating modes, namely an electric driving mode (16) and a hybrid driving mode (17) is set up, and the control device (1 la, 11 b) is also adapted to automatically detect the coupled state of the range enlargement device (4).
    [2]
    2. Electric vehicle (1) and range enlargement device (4) according to claim 1, wherein the control device (1 la) is adapted for automatically recognizing the coupling, a release request for the user to change the electric driving mode (16) in the hybrid driving mode (17) or automatically switch from the electric driving mode (16) to the hybrid driving mode (17). 25
    [3]
    3. Electric vehicle (1) and range enlargement device (4) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electric vehicle (1) and the range enlargement device (4) are current transmission coupled by a DC voltage intermediate circuit (9).
    [4]
    4. Electric vehicle (1) and range enlargement device (4) according to one of claims to 1 to 3, wherein the control device (1 la, 1 lb) a first control device part (11 a) which is arranged in the electric vehicle (1), and a second Control Device Part 22/11 2010 MO 15:01 [SE / EM NK 7183J®019 f * KOM &lt; HON &gt; MOV 22 2010 16! 0% / ST. 14: 67 / No. 76120424 ^ 9 20 -1 »·« «··· ···

    The first control device part (11a) and the second control device part (11b) have an interface and are adapted to interpose control signals between (1 lb) arranged in the range enlargement device (4) the first control device part (lla) and the second control device part (l lb) to transmit. 5
    [5]
    5. Electric vehicle (l) and range enlargement device (4) according to one of claims l to 4, wherein for automatic detection of the coupled state of the range enlargement means (4) a request signal of the first control device part (la) and a corresponding response signal of the second control device part (l lb ) And / or one of the second Stuucrvorrichtungsteil (1 lb) automatically to the first control device part (lla) transmitted signal is provided.
    [6]
    6. Electric vehicle (5) and range enlargement device (4) according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the first control device part (lla) is adapted to detect at least one of the 15 range enlargement means (4) specifying information, in particular a signal over a maximum power, a per Fuel tank filling maximum amount of electric energy, a type designation, a serial number and / or by the second control device part (11b) support request signals.
    [7]
    7. Electric vehicle (1) and range enlargement device (4) according to one of claims to 2 to 6, wherein the vehicle side of the drive motor (2) and the energy storage (3) are coupled to the DC voltage intermediate circuit (9), the Gieichspannungszwischenkreis (9) over the Coupling devices (5a, 5b) extends and the power generator of the range enlargement device (4) via a in the range enlargement device (4) integrated 25 converter (15) is coupled to the DC voltage intermediate circuit (9).
    [8]
    An electric vehicle (1) and range enlargement device (4) according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the interface is arranged to transmit digital control signals, and the coupling devices (5a, 5b) a data bus (7) for transmitting the digital 30 control signals have over the interface.
    [9]
    8. Electric vehicle (1) and range enlargement device (4) according to one of the claims 22/11 2010 MO 15:01 [SE / EMN 7183] ®020 Λ &lt; HON &gt; MOV 22 2010 1B: 02 / St. 1 4 B7 / Ho-791 2042425 P 21

    , Proverbs 4 to 7, wherein the first control device part (11a) is adapted to a request signal, in particular for switching on or off, for full load or partial load operation and / or for a given power, voltage or current, to generate as a control signal, and the second control device part (11b) is adapted to the autonomy according to the request to control the range enlargement device (4) towards the request signal.
    [10]
    9. Electric vehicle (1) and range enlargement device (4) according to one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the first control device part (1 la) is adapted to detect an operating state signal of the range enlargement device (4), in particular a signal via a level of a fuel tank ( 14), a maintenance request, a malfunction, a current operating power and / or a current operating temperature.
    [11]
    10. A method for operating an electric vehicle (1) and a range enlargement device (4) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the coupled state of the range enlargement device (4) is automatically detected by the control device (Ha).
    [12]
    31. The method of claim 10, wherein upon detection of the coupling, a release request for the user to change the electric driving mode (16) to the hybrid driving mode (17) is automatically generated, or an automatic change from the electric driving mode (16) to the hybrid driving mode (17). he follows.
    [13]
    12. The method according to claim 11 wherein the electric vehicle operating mode (16), the electric vehicle (1) is operated so that the electric vehicle (1) alone from the energy storage (3) is supplied with electrical power, and the electric vehicle (1) braked regeneratively and the recovered braking power is supplied to the energy accumulator (3), while in the hybrid driving mode (17) the electric vehicle (1) and the ranges are NO. 22/11 2010 MO 15:01 ISE / EM NR 7183] @ 021 FROM <MON) NOV 22 2010 16: 02 / ST, 14: 67 / No. 7612042426 P 22 * magnification device (4) are operated in such a way that at least one of the following operating modes is additionally realized: the electric vehicle (1) extends out of range alone Magnification device (4) is supplied with electrical power, 5 the electric vehicle (1) is supplied together from the range enlargement device (4) and the energy storage (3) with electrical power supplied by the range enlargement device (4) power for feeding the drive motor (2 ) and the charge of the energy storage device (3) is divided, the range enlargement device (4) is constantly driven at a certain power be-10, wherein at a contrast lower power consumption of the drive motor (2) of the energy store (3) is loaded and / or a higher power requirement of the drive motor (2) from the energy store (3) is covered during a Start-up phase of the range enlargement device (4) the energy requirement of the electric vehicle (1) from the energy storage (3) is bridged until the 15 range expansion device (4) provides the requested energy and the range enlargement device (4) from the off state with energy extraction from the energy storage (3 ) is started. 22/11 2010 MO 15:01 [SE / EM NR 7183] ®022
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4199037A|1978-05-19|1980-04-22|White Bruce D|Electric automobile|
    DE4140508A1|1991-12-09|1993-06-17|Hotzenblitz Mobile Gmbh Co Kg|Steerable motor vehicle assembly - is of modular construction and is intended for use on public highway.|
    US20050279542A1|2004-06-22|2005-12-22|Maslov Boris A|Autonomous portable range extender|
    US6933627B2|1991-01-08|2005-08-23|Nextek Power Systems Inc.|High efficiency lighting system|
    US7475747B2|2005-06-03|2009-01-13|Paul J. Plishner|Electric or hybrid vehicle with a spare electric motor power source|DE102012221731A1|2012-11-28|2014-05-28|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Method and device for determining an operating strategy for a range extender of an electric vehicle|
    DE202014002486U1|2014-03-21|2015-06-26|Claus-Georg Müller|Rotary piston engine and hybrid drive with such a rotary piston engine|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA1933/2010A|AT510806B1|2010-11-22|2010-11-22|ELECTRIC VEHICLE AND RANGE ENLARGING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE|ATA1933/2010A| AT510806B1|2010-11-22|2010-11-22|ELECTRIC VEHICLE AND RANGE ENLARGING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE|
    DE102011118116A| DE102011118116A1|2010-11-22|2011-11-09|Electric vehicle for use with cruising range extension device, is provided with electric drive motor and electric energy accumulator|
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